Microbial fuel cell

Microbial fuel cell

Since the industrial revolution, has been plagued sewage treatment in developed and developing countries a major problem-laptop battery, because it expensive, is only of inputs, not outputs of the industry. And new microbial fuel cell can not only purify the water, but also for power generation, the emergence of its sewage treatment is expected to become a profitable industry. Although still in the continuous improvement of the product has not yet put into commercial production, but we have every reason to believe it has broad prospects for development.

Recently, by the United States Pennsylvania State University scientists, led by Logan, a research and development team announced that they have developed a new type of microbial fuel cell can be of untreated sewage into clean water and power.

Microbial fuel cell (MicrobiologicalFuelCells) there is not just a technology. As early as 1910, the British botanist discovered for the first time Mark bits of bacteria in culture medium to produce current, therefore, he made use of platinum electrodes, put it into E. coli and general yeast culture medium-dell battery, the successful production of a the world’s first microbial fuel cell; in 1984, the United States to create a space for use in microbial fuel cell, which fuel for the astronauts of the urine and live bacteria, but it’s a very low discharge rate; In recent years, the use of Microbial generation of technology breakthroughs have emerged more, Pennsylvania State University environmental engineering professor Bruce Logan is a new microbial fuel cell development team, he said, “the traditional is the use of hydrogen fuel cell power generation, but no one try to use organic-rich water to generate electricity. ”

A major innovation: a single slot design

Logan designed the battery and hydrogen fuel cell device to be somewhat similar, is a sealed cylindrical glass tank of resin, looks like a soda bottle. And hydrogen fuel cells, however different, the microbial fuel cell is a single reaction tank, containing eight graphite anode rod, and they stick around a cathode, confined to the middle slot between proton exchange membrane. Confined to the external tank of the closed circuit composed of copper, used for electronic flow path. When water was injected into reaction tank, the bacterial enzyme to break down organic matter in sewage, in the process of releasing electrons and protons. Among them, the electronic flow of the anode, and protons through the proton exchange membrane inside the flow of anode, where oxygen and air as well as the electronic generation of clean water combined. Thus completion of the sewage disposal. At the same time, the reaction bed is the electronic exchange between the cathode produced a voltage, so that the equipment can supply to the external circuit.

Reaction is a single slot design of microbial fuel cell innovation. Logan pointed out that most of the design of fuel cell response to the two slot-oriented — were anode and cathode slot slot, slot in the anode in order to maintain anaerobic microbial growth; cathode tank should be maintained at aerobic environment to enable electronic and oxygen combine with protons to form water molecules. And a single reaction tank in order to proton exchange membrane to link the two slot, and its function not only in aqueous solution can be divided into two slots, but also to avoid spread to another tank of oxygen. Electrobath trough of the two, other than the force required to provide dissolved oxygen to the cathode, and a single tank of fuel cell micro-organisms can be the way to continuous injection of air into the cathode, thereby reducing the cost of oxygen equipment.

Samples will be completed six months after

In generating capacity, according to Logan said, in the laboratory, the device can generate 72 kilowatts of current, you can drive a small fan. Although the current generated by small, but the equipment is much room for improvement. Invention from the report submitted to the present, Logan’s R & D team has the fuel cell power generation capacity to 350 watts, but Logan would like this value to achieve the ultimate 500-1000 watts. Such as maturity of the technology can be mass-produced microbial fuel cell power generation capacity will be greatly improved, and Logan believes that it can generate 500 kilowatts of the stability of current, about 300 family’s electricity consumption. Logan plans to build a large-scale microbial fuel cell sample, is expected to be completed six months later.

Application prospects

Although the device’s energy output is relatively low, but Logan said they are continually improving the technology, I believe that it can be used in small-scale sewage treatment factory. It is said that the device can also be used to deal with livestock waste water and waste plants, but also can be used in food-processing plants and even manned space inside.

Logan pointed out that as long as it is a place rich in organic matter can be the use of such dell inspiron 600m battery, dell latitude d500 battery. However, the microbial fuel cell is the best use of sewage treatment, sewage treatment plant if the use of such equipment, so they can waste water treatment side of the side of power generation, and thus greatly reduce the cost of sewage treatment. Wastewater treatment plant to maintain the normal operation is a very high cost of things. Both developing countries and industrialized countries, wastewater treatment at the same time, the new generation fuel cell technology is very attractive. According to statistics of the U.S. National Development Committee, the United States need to address each of the 33 billion gallons of domestic sewage, the treatment cost about 25 billion U.S. dollars. Most of the cost of almost all spent on the maintenance of treatment plant operation of the energy required, so that if the microbial fuel cell can reduce costs and improve efficiency of electricity generation will be a huge savings for the wastewater treatment expenses.

For the majority of serious pollution of the developing countries, this technology is particularly useful because it can not only purify the water quality, disposal of refuse, while the power generated. Separate from the power this context, the Government has sufficient reason to retain the building and a sewage treatment plant. If the technology can promote the commercialization, waste or sewage treatment will be the country’s money-spinner rather than a heavy burden.

University of Toronto is a scientist, he estimated the energy potential in wastewater is 10 times the cost of processing. Logan believes that as long as they can use the potential power of 1 / 20, a sewage treatment plant can be resolved on the cost of sewage treatment.

Microbial fuel cell can also be used to deal with food-processing plants and farms, especially pig farms in the wastewater, in the past, to deal with these unpleasant stench of sewage expensive. NASA also is developing a similar technology, manned space flight in astronauts living in the garbage into energy.

Tasted the sweetness of the use of rare earth resources, to build Ni-MH battery industrial base

Held yesterday in Zhengzhou, the National Conference on Rare Earth office came news of the application of rare earth resources in our province to promote the rapid development of nickel-hydrogen batteries, our province is making efforts to build Ni-MH battery industrial base.

It is understood that the use of rare earth resources in recent years in our province, in the manufacture of permanent magnet materials, energy efficient fluorescent materials has been significant progress. Several enterprises in our province the effective use of resources, the characteristics of rare-earth, reasonable, moderate doping can improve the battery performance of anode materials are being promoted Ni-MH battery industry in our province’s rapid development.

Henan Development and Reform Commission, according to the relevant person in charge, the province will give full play to xinxiang battery industrial base better than species-wide, supporting the full advantages of nickel-hydrogen dell latitude d505 battery, dell latitude d510 battery to accelerate the construction of industrial projects, and strive to Henan Province to develop into the base Ni-MH battery industry .

It is understood that rare earth fertilizer agricultural enterprises of our province and upgrading play an important role in crop income. Since 2002, our province has more than 10 small rare earth fertilizer to achieve the production of agricultural products and fertilizer transformation.

Secretary for National Development and Reform Commission, according to industry relevant person in charge, the rare-earth resources for economic development have become increasingly obvious that the current countries as the main raw materials of rare earth permanent magnet motor development projects, energy-saving effect is very remarkable, and some energy-saving rate of 30% It can promote the electric industry restructuring and energy conservation for the country.

Sony liquid crystal display speed charger experience

Sony liquid crystal display speed charger experience

As the market brand rechargeable batteries and chargers messy, mixed, consumer products also do not know much about technology, it is prone to blindly purchase price or even to measure only the phenomenon of choice. Recently, I have to buy liquid crystal display Chargers (Super Quick Charger with LCD) there are good things and we naturally want to share a piece has been fuss even today-laptop battery, finally finishing it up, we hope that they will be charging equipment in the selection of some small revelation. The appearance of this charger with a “beautiful” to describe is not excessive, the “11″ to bring it out, it is a good feeling. Weighing only 110 grams of chargers, and are offered in compact form, it seems on the bags can be ignored. Sony LCD new charger on the domestic market is currently the only state-of-charge function liquid crystal display products, this unique feature allows the user-friendly products Sony has once again proven advantages.

The charger is a clamshell design, the look is not only beautiful, but also, cover the exposed cells, in time to carry out, in addition to moisture can dust it waterproof shockproof. Moreover, It is said that in the event of an accident such circumstances, can effectively reduce the extent of the harm people. Charger with other difference is that the bottom of the clamshell has a LCD screen, thought it is just window dressing decoration, never thought it a good “intelligence”, the charger has an orange backlit LCD screen, even in the dark can also be easy to see, regardless of charge or discharge can be displayed on the screen. Very sensitive to the heavy travel, and as a digital essential accessories, charger package should have all the equipment to meet the supply capacity of the charge. According to experience some of the previous discovery, or to use the original package and battery chargers, chargers suit for their support of a good brand of battery, charging effect, and maintenance of batteries and more to help. Poor quality of the charger, it will not only accelerate the aging batteries, and use of low-grade rechargeable dell battery charger, it will cause damage to electrical equipment. Therefore, from this point is important.

Sony LCD charger with the greatest degree of compatibility and ease of use, very inclusive, to Paul and I travel in the demand for electricity, and easy to use. At the same time, it on the 5th and the 7th for charging rechargeable batteries and battery on the 7th position is independent, to ensure good contact. Digital equipment so that I have adequate access to the electricity.

Travel the least and endure long hours of charging, and so will miss a lot of good scenery, and may also result in regret. I think the choice of the Chargers the most important factor is to look at the speed of its charge, so I have to choose smart rapid charger. General quality of the market the brand better able to do six hours to complete the charge, while the Sony LCD charger speed charger with two hours to two full-capacity 2100mAh battery on the 5th, 4 hours 4 full, if it is on the 7th of 800mAh battery, it only needs one hours and at such a pace on the road can meet the demand, and want to make the shot.

Of course, a good rechargeable batteries but also more time to meet the needs of the application, if the fast charge time, continuing the time lost by the wayside quickly, then on the. We know from the packaging of rechargeable batteries can see “xxx mAh” such a standard code, which is battery power, td347 battery capacity can indicate the size, the greater the value, the longer durability. Typically 2100 mAh Ni-MH battery has sufficient capacity to meet the demand of the. Sony LCD Speed Charger is equipped with four of the 2100mAh capacity for AA (5 #) batteries, from the capacity and reliability of brand point of view, are an excellent choice.

Usually we are not fully aware of all battery depletion charge on the circumstances, and in fact there is often remaining battery power, which after repeated use, rechargeable battery memory effect can occur as a result of available capacity to reduce the phenomenon, according to the report the relevant information, which will reduce the battery power to support the reduction in the number of photographs of about 13%. To solve this problem is in the best way to recharge before the batteries discharge, so that there is no battery power remaining after charge. Sony LCD new speed charger on with such a function, discharge function, but can also be displayed in the LCD screen on the case of a discharge.

The protection of the battery the most important thing is to prevent over-charging, if the charger can not provide protection in this area, we had no choice but to use the timer to control the charging time, in estimating the power to artificially stop after a charge, but usually can not be easily the notes, but also difficult to control, if not careful will cause battery explosion occurred, I have been looking forward to have an automatic monitoring of the charge, after all, you safety first.

Sony liquid crystal display speed charger with voltage detection device that can automatically complete the power-off charge, to avoid over-charging, when the charge temperature anomalies, the protection circuit will automatically cut off power to prevent accidents. Not always as it was before the charge to be concerned about the time, so that the battery will be able to automatic protection.

NDS compatible with GBA SP console dedicated lithium-ion battery

A few days ago a well-known IT hardware network ‘Lik Sang’ for the Nintendo DS battery made a comprehensive evaluation that will be compatible with NDS host a special GBA SP Li-ion battery, attached to the 3 pictures to show contrast, we can see the special lithium dell latitude d610 battery and dell gd761 battery NDS interface with the GBA SP Li-ion battery interface is basically the same, and have to buy a GBA SP and NDS players can purchase back-up battery to save a sum of money, Nintendo in this regard is quite user-friendly design.

Will lose something, some unscrupulous traders already making a greater profit for the renovation of the old GBA SP battery to sell new, I believe that this phenomenon will also appear in the NDS.

Around the battery industry in Fujian Province to carry out special work to bring the pollution problem

Fujian Provincial environmental protection departments at all levels of the State Environmental Protection Administration in accordance with the requirements of 34 of the province of existing battery manufacturers and lead-acid batteries renewable waste processing enterprises were examined, seven of them non-implementation of environmental impact assessment and environmental protection “three at the same time” and illegal sewage enterprises severely dealt with, and battery industries and enterprises focused on industrial pollution sources into the long-term monitoring areas to crack down on illegal business environment, effectively protect the environment and people’s health.

2 5, battery-powered car to run 1 km

Panasonic car OxyRide invented by two AA batteries will be able to drive up. Car weight 18.5kg, could contain a 50kg passenger run 1.23 kilometers, or finish within 74 seconds in the 65 meters.

Of course, this record is the need for the use of Panasonic’s own invention of the Digital Xtreme Power (DXP) dell inspiron 6400 battery. The Panasonic Digital Xtreme Power (DXP) batteries will be listed first half of next year in Europe.

Taiyuan, to enter the peak of the electric car battery scrap

Taiyuan, to enter the peak of the electric car battery scrap

Taiyuan Road, who lives in the building of Mr. Liu more than a year ago bought a fleet of electric bicycle, after a year of use, non-rechargeable laptop batteries into the power has been, and may replace the old battery but I do not know how to deal with him. Yesterday, a press interview on this issue and found that the earlier the purchase of electric bicycle owners shared. Environmentalists who said the city used batteries for electric bikes to replace the peak has occurred, should be a matter of sufficient importance.

According to statistics, currently there are about a variety of city electric bicycle market 120,000, each year tens of thousands of vehicles to the increase in the growth. It is understood that the market for electric bikes is that the vast majority of used lead-acid batteries, only a small part of a lithium dell battery. Lead-acid batteries primarily by lead and sulfuric acid and other metal components, service life is generally 1-2 years. If people can throw away, will not only seriously contaminated soil and water, but also may lead to human neural metabolism, reproductive disorders, etc., will induce serious malignancy.

South Road is located in the building of a store’s sales of electric bikes said: “Customers can take the old battery to us to new ones, of course, need to pay a certain degree of depreciation costs, usually the cheapest 20 ~ 30 yuan. As a vendor, we is for manufacturers to do the recovery work. “in the Sino-Austrian peace Mall Road, the reporter found a lot of electric cars here are committed to recycling the old store batteries, also said that the recovery is for the manufacturers, but when the reporter asked for a recovery is one, the sales staff said: “how could it?” meaning there is still a large number of used batteries from the loss. Sales of Guangdong and another production of the sales of electric vehicles, said: “do not have to use batteries, we collected did not take place.”

An electric car dealer, said, in fact, manufacturers of electric vehicles is the need for lead-acid battery recycling. However, custody and other aspects of transport and the cost of spending more, recycling old batteries is not worthwhile, so the consumer has committed to recycling of old batteries are often not fulfilled. Village workers in purchasing a waste, a middle-aged man told reporters: “electric vehicle batteries 5 cents a pound.” “How the battery can be sold for money?” To “open the battery, draining a ‘water’, which There are copper and, sell all of these things. “” That’s’ Water ‘was wrong? “” on the back in the sewer in, or down the side of the road is required. In any case,’ water ‘has no use. “in man that was very easy.

How to maintain a digital camera battery

DC used today generally have two kinds of battery: lithium battery, and dedicated on the 5th AA batteries (Ni-MH rechargeable battery most commonly used). Lithium-specific light weight, large capacity, environmental protection, and virtually no “memory effect”, but very expensive, poor general, but also a lot of fakes. Ni-MH battery has a high capacity, deep discharge, overcharge and excessive resistance discharge, and shorter charge time obvious advantages. The most important thing is nickel-hydrogen batteries are cheap, high universality.
     No matter what kind of batteries, with DC as long as it is sold, the general statement in the Notes will be used, and some manufacturers even print a separate report on the use of batteries and chargers guidelines. Some of these instructions is the most basic but also very necessary road maintenance, such as battery charging method should be chosen, such as charge time. Unfortunately, many users tend to ignore these instructions, shelved. Suggestions: For DC novice, spend some time reading these guidelines, is absolutely necessary.

Ordinary users in the use of DC, the battery often do not have a dedicated storage bag; users to replace the battery after the battery of the habit easily placed, regardless of whether the place where a clean, damp. The consequences of such a battery is easy to stain, easy contact with the metal contacts  such as keys, etc., easy to damp, and these are the enemy of batteries. Recommendations: the user should set up a special place at the battery and keep the battery clean. In order to avoid issues such as power loss occurred at the two ends of maintaining contact with the battery and internal battery lid clean and, if necessary, use a soft, clean dry cloth graze.

If DC does not use a long time, the dell 6y270 battery, dell c1295 battery must be removed from the machine and kept in dry, cool environment. This is no disagreement that we are all, but why here also brought up for discussion? Because it relates to another key issue: For the nickel-metal hydride batteries, the battery should be fully discharged and then save, save, or live? These two very different views of what it should be used? Many people think that we should adopt the former, but I think a more reasonable to preserve the battery charged. Because: According to tests, Ni-MH battery to preserve the best condition that saved about 80% charged. This is because the nickel-metal hydride battery greater self-discharge (10% -15% a month or so), if the battery fully discharge and then preserved a long time not to use, the battery will result in the phenomenon of self-discharge the battery over-discharge, will damage the battery. Do not believe? What do you think about buying a new nickel-metal hydride rechargeable batteries is not all there is electricity, which is the reason. Recommendations: more than compared to correct the wrong point of view, from the right direction to start maintenance batteries, or else they will backfire.

Japan’s flexible solar cells a substantial increase in power

Researchers in Japan through technical improvements, the success of the flexible type of dye-sensitized solar cells a substantial increase in power, each 12 square centimeters can be the output of the battery plate voltage above 4 V, is expected to be used to provide power, such as outdoor advertising.

According to “Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun” reported that dye-sensitized solar cell-based film material in the pigment and power generation components used for power generation, and compared to silicon solar cells, and its advantages can be bent, using the printing technology, which costs relatively low . However, before such a flexible battery, even in strong sunlight, each 12 square centimeters of voltage they can only produce 0.7 volts.

Improved type dye-sensitized photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells up to 4 ~ 5%, is a standard silicon solar cells of 1 / 3. Maximum power of 0.4 watts, test products will be linked to the three modules, voltage up to 12 volts or more. Typically, the voltage above 10 V can be used for storage of electrical appliances and rechargeable lithium batteries, the average cell phone charge 4 hours to complete.

Flexible solar cells that, if the practical application of inputs for outdoor advertising, laptop computers-dell inspiron 500m battery, dell inspiron 510m battery, cell phones and home appliances, such as the provision of power supply products.