Battery Charging Principles
First talk about the battery discharge process, the battery is translating chemical energy into electrical energy.
Copper-zinc primary cell batteries as an example:
┏ Zinc: Zn - 2e-= Zn2 + oxidation (negative)
e -
┗ Copper: 2H + + 2e-= H2 ↑ reduction reaction (cathode)
General type: Zn + 2H + = Zn2 + + H2 ↑
This is the A1045 battery discharge process (the electron transfer between the two substances with different activity).
Generant conditions:
① two different activity electrodes (metal and metal or graphite or insoluble metal oxides);
② two electrodes immersed in electrolyte and with a wire connection or direct contact;
Particle discharge order:
Cation:
K +, Ca2 +, Na +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, Zn2 +, Fe2 +
Sn2 +, Pb2 + (H +) Cu2 + Fe3 + Hg2 + Ag +
(Get e ability to turn enhancements)
Cation:
In addition to Au, Pt metal electrodes outside the discharge capacity of “anion. Namely:
Zn, Fe … Cu, Hg, Ag> S2-, I -,
Br -, Cl -, OH - (water), NO3 -, SO4 2 —
Now come back to talk about charging,
Charge is to make the charging process reversal in the above
With lead-acid batteries as an example:
Lead-acid batteries are the first produced practical battery. The principle is as follows:
Put lead A and B into sulfuric acid solution, the result of lead in sulfuric acid, so that the two lead form lead sulfate, lead sulfate solution was saturated, there’s no electric potential yet, when recharge the battery, the chemical reactions that occur on the poles are as follows:
A; PbSO4 +2 H2O - 2e-→ PbO2 + H2SO4 +2 H +;
B: PbSO4 +2 e-→ Pb + SO42-;
Can be seen that after charge A panel PbO2 become positive, B-board Pb become negative.
The bipolar reaction of discharge occurs as follows:
Positive: PbO2 + H2SO4 +2 H +-2e-→ PbSO4 +2 H2O-2e-;
Cathode: Pb + SO42-→ PbSO4 +2 e-;
Discharge reaction exactly the reverse process to charge your batteries. When charging, the maximum electromotive force is 2.2V. Discharge, the electromotive force gradually decreased, and when get low as 1.8V it must be charged, otherwise plate will be damaged.
